Stres Kerja dan Turnover Intention di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0: Adakah Harapan pada Kepemimpinan Transformasional?

Dewiana Novitasari, Muhammad Johan, Multi Nadeak, Admiral Admiral, Masduki Asbari

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap turnover intention dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mediasi stres kerja pada populasi karyawan pada industri garmen di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode simple random sampling terhadap 142 sampel karyawan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap stres kerja dan niat berpindah karyawan. Sedangkan stres kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap turnover intention. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara kepemimpinan transformasional dan turnover intention secara signifikan dimediasi secara parsial oleh stres kerja, artinya kepemimpinan transformasional mengurangi stres kerja dan mengurangi turnover intention. Penelitian ini dapat membuka jalan untuk meningkatkan kesiapan pegawai dalam menghadapi era Revolusi Industri 4.0.


Keywords


Kepemimpinan tranformasional, stress kerja, turnover intention.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Asbari, M. (2011). Kepemimpinan Transformasional: Landasan Menuju World Class Company.

Asbari, M. (2019a). Pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan iklim organisasi terhadap kinerja dosen. JOCE IP, 13(2), 172–186. http://jurnal.ipem.ac.id/index.php/joce-ip/article/view/187

Asbari, M. (2019b). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Iklim Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Dosen. Journal Of Communication Education, 13(2), 172–186.

Asbari, M. (2020). Is Transformational Leadership Suitable for Future Organizational Needs? International Journal of Sociology, Policy and Law (Ijospl), 1(01), 51–55.

Asbari, M., & Novitasari, D. (2020a). Pengaruh Kesiapan untuk Berubah di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Apa yang Dibutuhkan Pemimpin untuk Menjaga Kinerja. Jurnal Ekonomika: Manajemen, Akuntansi, Dan Perbankan Syari’ah, 9(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10,24903/je.v9i2.932

Asbari, M., & Novitasari, D. (2020b). The Role of Readiness for Change on Part-Timer Employee Performance: Analysis of Transformational Leadership Practice in Convection Industri. Journal of Communication Education (JOCE), 14(02).

Asbari, M., & Novitasari, D. (2020c). The Role of Readiness for Change on Part-Timer Employee Performance: Analysis of Transformational Leadership Practice in Convection Industri. Journal of Communication Education (JOCE), 14(02). http://jurnal.ipem.ac.id/index.php/joce-ip/article/view/220

Asbari, M., & Novitasari, D. (2021a). Pengaruh Aktivitas Berbagi Pengetahuan dan Mediasi Budaya terhadap Kemampuan Inovasi Guru. JMSP (Jurnal Manajemen Dan Supervisi Pendidikan), 5(1), 324–334.

Asbari, M., & Novitasari, D. (2021b). Pengaruh Authentic Leadership terhadap Mentalitas Siap Berubah dan Kinerja Pegawai Paruh Waktu. Business Management Journal, 17(1), 73–88. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10,30813/bmj

Asbari, M., Novitasari, D., Gazali, G., Silitonga, N., & Pebrina, E. T. (2020). Analisis Kesiapan untuk Berubah di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Perspektif, 18(2), 147–159. https://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/perspektif/article/view/8576

Asbari, M., Novitasari, D., & Goestjahjanti, F. S. (2020). Mempertahankan Kinerja Karyawan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Studi Kasus pada Industri Ritel. JMK (Jurnal Manajemen & Kewirausahaan), 5(3), 183–203.

Asbari, M., Novitasari, D., Pebrina, E. T., & Santoso, J. (2020). Work-Family Conflict and Employee Performance during Covid-19 Pandemic: What is the Role of Mental Readiness to Change? JPBM (Jurnal Pendidikan Bisnis Dan Manajemen), 6(2).

Asbari, M., & Prasetya, A. B. (2021). Managerial Coaching: Rahasia Membangun Kinerja, Komitmen Tim dan Modal Psikologis Guru. Edumaspul - Jurnal Pendidikan, 5(1), 490–506. https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/maspuljr/article/view/1248

Asbari, M., Purba, J. T., Hariandja, E. S., & Sudibjo, N. (2021a). From Leadership to Innovation: Managing Employee Creativity. Jurnal Manajemen Strategi Dan Aplikasi Bisnis, 4(1), 143–154.

Asbari, M., Purba, J. T., Hariandja, E. S., & Sudibjo, N. (2021b). Membangun Kesiapan Berubah dan Kinerja Karyawan: Kepemimpinan Transformasional versus Transaksional. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 22(1), 54–71,

Asbari, M., Wijayanti, L., Hyun, C. C., Purwanto, A., & Santoso, P. B. (2020). How to build innovation capability in the RAC industri to face industrial revolution 4.0? International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(6), 2008–2027. https://doi.org/10,37200/IJPR/V24I6/PR260192

Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership. In Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10,5742/mewfm.2017.92984

Basuki, S., Novitasari, D., Fahlevi, M., Nadeak, M., Fahmi, K., Pebrina, E. T., Sudiyono, R. N., & Asbari, M. (2020a). Performance Analysis of Female Employees in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period: The Effects of Readiness for Change and Effectiveness of Transformational Leadership. Solid State Technology, 63(1s), 201–217. http://www.solidstatetechnology.us/index.php/JSST/article/view/709

Basuki, S., Novitasari, D., Fahlevi, M., Nadeak, M., Fahmi, K., Pebrina, E. T., Sudiyono, R. N., & Asbari, M. (2020b). Performance Analysis of Female Employees in the Covid-19 Pandemic Period: The Effects of Readiness for Change and Effectiveness of Transformational Leadership. Solid State Technology, 63(1s), 201–217.

Bogler, R. (2001). The influence of leadership style on teacher job satisfaction. Educational Administration Quarterly, 37(5), 662–683. https://doi.org/10,1177/00131610121969460

Cahyono, Y., Novitasari, D., Sihotang, M., Aman, M., Fahlevi, M., Nadeak, M., Siahaan, M., Asbari, M., & Purwanto, A. (2020). The Effect of Transformational Leadership Dimensions on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Case Studies in Private University Lecturers. Solid State Technology, 63(1s), 158–184. http://www.solidstatetechnology.us/index.php/JSST/article/view/707

Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, D., & Klesh, J. (1979). The Michigan organizational assessment questionnaire. Unpublished Manuscript, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 71–138.

Chin, W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling (E. Modern Methods for Business Research, In: G. A. Marcoulides (ed.)). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publisher.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.

Dimaculangan, E. D., & Aguiling, H. M. (2012). The effects of transformational leadership on salesperson’s turnover intention. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(19).

Elçi, M., Şener, İ., Aksoy, S., & Alpkan, L. (2012). The Impact of Ethical Leadership and Leadership Effectiveness on Employees’ Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Work Related Stress. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 289–297. https://doi.org/10,1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1003

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10,2307/3151312

Ghozali, I. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling, Metode Alternatif dengan Partial Least Square (PLS) (4th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Goestjahjanti, S. F., Novitasari, D., Hutagalung, D., Asbari, M., & Supono, J. (2020). Impact of Talent Management, Authentic Leadership and Employee Engagement on Job Satisfaction: Evidence From South East Asian Industries. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(19), 67–88. http://www.jcreview.com/?mno=101983

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.

Hair, Joe F, Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414–433.

Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. saGe publications.

Harris, G. E., & Cameron, J. E. (2005). Multiple Dimensions of Organizational Identification and Commitment as Predictors of Turnover Intentions and Psychological Well-Being. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 37(3), 159–169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10,1037/h0087253

Hung, R. Y.-Y., Lien, B. Y.-H., Fang, S.-C., & McLean, G. N. (2010). Knowledge as a facilitator for enhancing innovation performance through total quality management. Total Quality Management, 21(4), 425–438.

Hutagalung, D., Asbari, M., Fayzhall, M., Ariyanto, E., Agistiawati, E., Sudiyono, R. N., Waruwu, H., Goestjahjanti, F. S., Winanti, W., & Yuwono, T. (2020). Peran Religiusitas, Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Kepuasan Kerja dan Mediasi Organizational Citizenship Behavior terhadap Kinerja Guru. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 311–326.

Iqbal, S., Ehsan, S., Rizwan, M., & Noreen, M. (2014). The impact of organizational commitment, job satisfaction, job stress and leadership support on turnover intention in educational institutes. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 4(2), 181, https://doi.org/10,5296/ijhrs.v4i2.5906

Jumiran, Novitasari, D., Nugroho, Y. A., Sutardi, D., Sasono, I., & Asbari, M. (2020). Pengaruh Dimensi Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasional: Studi Kasus pada Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 600–621,

Kamar, K., Novitasari, N., Asbari, M., Winanti, & Goestjahjanti, F. S. (2019). Enhancing Employee Performance during the Covid-19 Pandemic: the Role of Readiness for Change Mentality. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 11(2), 154–166. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jdm/article/view/25279

Keller, D. (1984). Humor as Therapy. WI: Med-Psych Publications.

Lestari, B., Novitasari, D., Silitonga, N., & Asbari, M. (2020). The Effect of Recruitment and Career Development on The Spirit of Teachers ’ Work Performance in MTs Nurul Huda. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research (JIEMAR), 1(2), 108–121,

Maesaroh, S., Asbari, M., Hutagalung, D., Mustofa, M., Agistiawati, E., Basuki, S., Radita, F. R., Nurasiah, N., Yulia, Y., & Singgih, E. (2020). Pengaruh Religiusitas dan Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kinerja Guru melalui Mediasi Organizational Citizenship Behavior. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 276–290,

Mullen, P. R., Malone, A., Denney, A., & Dietz, S. S. (2018). Job Stress, Burnout, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention Among Student Affairs Professionals. College Student Affairs Journal, 36(1), 94–108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10,1353/csj.2018.0006

Nazelina, M., Novitasari, D., Fikri, M. A. A., & Asbari, M. (2020). The Effect of Brand Image, Price and Service Quality on Consumer Decisions Using Delivery Services. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research (JIEMAR), 1(3), 135–147.

Novitasari, D., & Asbari, M. (2020a). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kinerja Karyawan: Peran Kesiapan untuk Berubah sebagai Mediator. Jurnal Manajemen, 10(2), 84–99.

Novitasari, D., & Asbari, M. (2020b). Urgensi Kepemimpinan dan Mentalitas Siap Berubah Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di Musim Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal REKOMEN (Riset Ekonomi Manajemen), 4(1), 66–80,

Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., & Sasono, I. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Religiusitas dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Kerja: Studi Kasus pada Karyawan Industri Manufaktur. Jurnal Manajemen Strategi Dan Aplikasi Bisnis, 4(1), 117–130,

Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., Wijayanti, L. M., Hyun, C. C., & Farhan, M. (2020). The Role of Religiosity, Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Mediation on Woman Teachers’ Performance. Solid State Technology, 63(6), 2953–2967. http://solidstatetechnology.us/index.php/JSST/article/view/3380

Novitasari, D., Goestjahjanti, F. S., & Asbari, M. (2020). The Role of Readiness to Change between Transformational Leadership and Performance: Evidence from a Hospital during Covid-19 Pandemic. APMBA (Asia Pacific Management and Business Application), 9(1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10,21776/ub.apmba.2020,009.01,4

Novitasari, D., Hutagalung, D., Nugroho, Y. A., Pramono, T., Asbari, M., Nuryanti, Y., & Yuwono, T. (2020). Does Genetic Personality and Parenting Style Influence Students’ Character Building? Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(19), 119–129.

Nuryanti, Y., Novitasari, D., Nugroho, Y. A., Fauji, A., Gazali, & Asbari, M. (2020). Meningkatkan Komitmen Organisasional Dosen: Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Perguruan Tinggi dan Kepuasan Intrinsik & Ekstrinsik Dosen. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 561–581,

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational Behavior. Pearson Education Inc.

Roscoe, A. M., Lang, D., & Sheth, J. N. (1975). Follow-up Methods, Questionnaire Length, and Market Differences in Mail Surveys: In this experimental test, a telephone reminder produced the best response rate and questionnaire length had no effect on rate of return. Journal of Marketing, 39(2), 20–27.

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Smith, D., Reams, R., & Hair Jr, J. F. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): A useful tool for family business researchers. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(1), 105–115.

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2003). Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach (Sixth edit). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Shafique, I., N Kalyar, M., & Ahmad, B. (2018). The nexus of ethical leadership, job performance, and turnover intention: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems: INDECS, 16(1), 71–87.

Shareef, R. A., & Atan, T. (2019). The influence of ethical leadership on academic employees’ organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention: Mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Management Decision.

Silitonga, N., Novitasari, D., Sutardi, D., Sopa, A., Asbari, M., Yulia, Y., Supono, J., & Fauji, A. (2020a). The Relationship of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment: a Mediation Effect of Job Satisfaction. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(19), 89–108. http://www.jcreview.com/?mno=101999

Silitonga, N., Novitasari, D., Sutardi, D., Sopa, A., Asbari, M., Yulia, Y., Supono, J., & Fauji, A. (2020b). The Relationship of Transformational Leadership, Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment: a Mediation Effect of Job Satisfaction. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(19), 89–108.

Singgih, E., Iskandar, J., Goestjahjanti, F. S., Fahlevi, M., Nadeak, M., Fahmi, K., Anwar, R., Asbari, M., & Purwanto, A. (2020). The Role of Job Satisfaction in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership, Knowledge Management, Work Environment and Performance. Solid State Technology, 63(2s), 293–314. http://www.solidstatetechnology.us/index.php/JSST/article/view/1556

Sudiyono, R. N., Fikri, M. A. A., Asbari, M., Suroso, Nugroho, Y. A., & Singgih, E. (2020). The Role of Employee Engagement in the Relationship between Authentic Leadership , Talent Management and Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(5), 11809–11836. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/25377

Sudiyono, R. N., Goestjahjanti, F. S., Asbari, M., Agistiawati, E., Fayzhall, M., Yani, A., Winanti, W., Yuwono, T., Nurasiah, N., & Yulia, Y. (2020). Meningkatkan Komitmen dan Kinerja Dosen: Apa Peran Manajemen Perguruan Tinggi? EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 337–352.

Sun, R., & Wang, W. (2017). Transformational leadership, employee turnover intention, and actual voluntary turnover in public organizations. Public Management Review, 19(8), 1124–1141,

Suprapti, S., Asbari, M., Cahyono, Y., & Mufid, A. (2020). Leadership Style, Organizational Culture and Innovative Behavior on Public Health Center Performance during Pandemic Covid-19. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 1(2), 76–88.

Suroso, Riyanto, Novitasari, D., Sasono, I., & Asbari, M. (2021). Esensi Modal Psikologis Dosen: Rahasia Kreativitas dan Inovasi di Era Education 4.0, Edumaspul - Jurnal Pendidikan, 5(1), 437–451, https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/maspuljr/article/view/1240

Sutardi, D., Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., Silitonga, N., Nugroho, Y. A., Hutagalung, D., Mustofa, Chidir, G., Basuki, S., & Yuwono, T. (2020). Pengaruh Work-Family Conflict, Stres Kerja dan Social Support terhadap Kepuasan Kerja: Studi Kasus pada Guru Wanita di Tangerang. EduPsyCouns: Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 482–498. https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/Edupsycouns/article/view/513

Yang, H.-C., Ju, Y.-H., & Lee, Y.-C. (2016). Effects of job stress on self-esteem, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Journal of Transnational Management, 21(1), 29–39.

Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 66–85. https://doi.org/10,5465/amp.2012.0088

Yuwono, T., Wiyono, N., Asbari, M., Novitasari, D., & Silitonga, N. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Efektivitas Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Kesiapan untuk Berubah terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Wanita di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Manajemen, 5(3), 615–632. http://www.jim.unsyiah.ac.id/EKM/article/view/15502

Zaman, M. N., Novitasari, D., Goestjahjanti, F. S., Fahlevi, M., Nadeak, M., Fahmi, K., Setiawan, T., & Asbari, M. (2020a). Effect of Readiness to Change and Effectiveness of Transformational Leadership on Workers ’ Performance during Covid-19 Pandemic. Solid State Technology, 63(1s), 185–200, http://www.solidstatetechnology.us/index.php/JSST/article/view/708

Zaman, M. N., Novitasari, D., Goestjahjanti, F. S., Fahlevi, M., Nadeak, M., Fahmi, K., Setiawan, T., & Asbari, M. (2020b). Effect of Readiness to Change and Effectiveness of Transformational Leadership on Workers ’ Performance during Covid-19 Pandemic. Solid State Technology, 63(1s), 185–200,




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i1.1880

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 2385 times
PDF - 792 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Dewiana Novitasari, Muhammad Johan, Multi Nadeak, Admiral Admiral, Masduki Asbari

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.